Concentration Camps Today
(Soviet) Kazakhstan
Capital: Astana (Tselinograd)
(2 death camps)
(2 death camps)
Death camps:
13
• Aksu (2 camps; uranium mines & enrichment facilities)
• Astana (Tselinograd) (2 camps; open-pit uranium mines)
• Borovoe (open-pit uranium mine)
• Karagaily (open-pit & underground uranium mines)
• Mangyshlak peninsula (at least 6 camps; uranium mines & enrichment facilities, & nuclear reactor)
• Rudnyi (uranium mine & enrichment facility)
(death by radiation poisoning in all 13)
Forced-labor concentration camps:
106
• 3 for women and their babies (Dzhambul [2], Pavlodar)
• 2 for women and children (Chamalgam, Nikolaevka)
Torture-facility prisons:
10
Psychiatric prisons:
4
References:
Shifrin, A., The First Guidebook to Prisons and Concentration Camps of the Soviet Union, Bantam Books, New York, 1982.